Gathering: a style of bring animals to the handler, sometimes called “fetching”, or, in Australian usage, “heading.”

Driving: taking the livestock away from the handler, or from one side to another at right angles to the handler, either naturally or upon direction from the handler to do so.

Approach: the manner in which the dog comes in to the stock, a “smooth” approach being most highly prized, that is, the dog moves very steadily and surely without bounding around, weaving or jumping in aggressively.

Wide Running: a dog that makes wide passes around the stock, naturally keeping a good distant off the stock.

Close Running: a dog that runs in very close to the stock, trying to get as close as possible as it passes off the stock.

Wearing: the side-to-side movement of the dog, in a pendulum motion or half-circle pattern, to keep the herd or flock grouped.

Force Barking: the dog generally works quietly, but in situations where the stock challenges the dog, the dog barks as a pre-curser to a nip.

Eye: an intense gaze used by the dog to control the stock, often accompanied by a creeping or crouching approach to the animals.

Strong-Eyed: shows the above qualities to a marked degree.

Medium-Eyed: showing the “eye” but without the crouching approach.

Loose-Eyed: a dog does not show an intense gaze at all times in the stock; such dogs may glance around or at the handler from time to time.

Power: strong self-confidence; a dog with power can move stubborn or fighting animals, often without nipping.

Weak: lacking confidence to stand up to stubborn stock; such dogs often turn tail to run away when confronted with a challenge from the stock.

nipping at the heads of livestock to turn them.

nipping at the lower part of the hind legs of livestock to move them forward.

nipping or gripping at the bodies of sheep, marking the flesh by tearing out hunks of wool (called “body biting” on cattle); biting at the body of any type of stock is a fault.

the dog leaves the handler’s side and move around to the other side of stock located some distance away.

the approach to the stock to start it moving after completion of the initial outrun.

the dog moves the stock toward the handles.

the entire outrun/lift/fetch.

the position taken by the dog, well back from the stock, which enables the dog to control the direction of the stock and cover any attempts by the stock to break away.

the traditional Scottish command to direct the dog to move clockwise around the stock.

the traditional Scottish command to direct the dog to move counter-clockwise around the stock.